{"id":1953,"date":"2024-09-23T11:31:46","date_gmt":"2024-09-23T03:31:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ruianding.com\/blog\/?p=1953"},"modified":"2025-02-18T15:48:37","modified_gmt":"2025-02-18T07:48:37","slug":"website-migration-002-installing-and-configuring-the-web-server-apache","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ruianding.com\/blog\/website-migration-002-installing-and-configuring-the-web-server-apache\/","title":{"rendered":"Website Migration &#8211; Part 2: Installing and Configuring the Web Server (Apache)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1296\" height=\"608\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ruianding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-22.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1990\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In this post, I will walk through the steps I took to migrate my website\u2019s static files and set up Apache as my web server on the Linux machine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. <strong>Migrating the Website Root Directory<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>First, I needed to transfer all my static files from the <strong>Windows server<\/strong> to the new <strong>Linux server<\/strong>. I compressed my website files into an archive and used <code>scp<\/code> to securely copy them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Command to copy files from Windows to Linux:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"bash\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">   scp C:\\archived.zip root@{ipaddress}:\/data\/sitemigration<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1626\" height=\"84\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ruianding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1957\" style=\"width:775px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"424\" height=\"58\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ruianding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-11.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1958\" style=\"width:220px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Next, I unzipped the files to the correct directory on the server:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"bash\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">sudo unzip \/data\/sitemigration\/archived.zip -d \/data\/ruianding.com<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. <strong>Configuring Apache for the Website<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Once the files were migrated, I proceeded to configure <strong>Apache<\/strong> to serve the website by creating a <strong>Virtual Host<\/strong> configuration file.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Creating a virtual host configuration:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"bash\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">   sudo vi \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/ruianding.com.conf<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Example virtual host file:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"xml\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">   &lt;VirtualHost *:80>\n       ServerAdmin xiaoding@ruianding.com\n       ServerName www.ruianding.com\n       ServerAlias ruianding.com\n\n       DocumentRoot \/data\/ruianding.com\n\n       &lt;Directory \/data\/ruianding.com>\n           Options Indexes FollowSymLinks\n           AllowOverride All\n           Require all granted\n       &lt;\/Directory>\n\n       ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/error.log\n       CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/access.log combined\n   &lt;\/VirtualHost><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Explanation of key parts:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>ServerAdmin<\/strong>: Administrator&#8217;s email (optional). <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ServerName<\/strong>: The main domain name of the site. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ServerAlias<\/strong>: Any additional domain aliases. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>DocumentRoot<\/strong>: The root directory where website files are stored.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&lt;Directory><\/strong> : Directory access permissions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. <strong>Enabling the Virtual Host<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To enable the new configuration and disable the default Apache site:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1168\" height=\"124\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ruianding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-12.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1965\" style=\"width:543px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"bash\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">sudo a2ensite ruianding.com.conf\nsudo a2dissite 000-default.conf<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Additionally, I needed to enable the <strong>rewrite module<\/strong> because I had previously configured URL rewriting in IIS:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"bash\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">sudo a2enmod rewrite<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, I restarted Apache to apply the changes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"bash\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">sudo systemctl restart apache2<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>At this point, the website migration was complete, and Apache was serving my static content.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2225\" height=\"1280\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ruianding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1966\" style=\"width:580px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. <strong>Setting Up HTTPS with Certbot<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>To secure my site with HTTPS, I used <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/certbot\/certbot\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Certbot<\/span><\/a><\/strong> to install SSL certificates:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-apache<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"920\" height=\"94\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ruianding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-13.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1968\" style=\"width:518px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>During my first attempt, I encountered an error because the domain name wasn\u2019t yet pointing to my Linux server. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1162\" height=\"488\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ruianding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-15.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1970\" style=\"width:529px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>After configuring the <strong>A record<\/strong> for my domain, I successfully obtained and installed the SSL certificate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1170\" height=\"436\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ruianding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-16.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1971\" style=\"width:529px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. <strong>Directory Lister Troubleshooting<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>I ran into an issue with a PHP file-sharing app called <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/DirectoryLister\/DirectoryLister\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Directory Lister<\/span><\/a><\/strong>, which was throwing a <strong>500 error<\/strong>. After enabling debug mode, I discovered that the problem was due to file permissions or incorrect file paths. The error indicated that <code>app\/cache\/views\/e2<\/code> didn\u2019t have write permissions or didn\u2019t exist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2516\" height=\"1226\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ruianding.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/image-17.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1973\" style=\"width:688px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Fixing file permissions:<br>I changed the ownership of the necessary folders to the <strong>Apache<\/strong> user (<code>www-data<\/code>) and granted write permissions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"EnlighterJSRAW\" data-enlighter-language=\"generic\" data-enlighter-theme=\"\" data-enlighter-highlight=\"\" data-enlighter-linenumbers=\"\" data-enlighter-lineoffset=\"\" data-enlighter-title=\"\" data-enlighter-group=\"\">   sudo chown -R www-data:www-data \/data\/ruianding.com\/files\n   sudo chmod -R 775 \/data\/ruianding.com\/files<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>After these changes, the application worked as expected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-background is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>This post covers the steps I took to migrate my website to a Linux server, configure Apache, and handle file permissions for a PHP application. Everything is now running smoothly!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this post, I will walk through the steps I took to migrate my website\u2019s static files and set up Apache as my web server on the Linux machine. 1. Migrating the Website Root Directory First, I needed to transfer all my static files from the Windows server to the new Linux server. I compressed [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[58],"tags":[59],"class_list":["post-1953","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-siteandblogmigration","tag-migration"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Website Migration - Part 2: Installing and Configuring the Web Server (Apache) - \u6781\u7b80IT\uff5cSimpleIT<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ruianding.com\/blog\/website-migration-002-installing-and-configuring-the-web-server-apache\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Website Migration - Part 2: Installing and Configuring the Web Server (Apache) - \u6781\u7b80IT\uff5cSimpleIT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In this post, I will walk through the steps I took to migrate my website\u2019s static files and set up Apache as my web server on the Linux machine. 1. 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